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What's  

Diabetes

Let's learn more about Diabetes

–Group of disorders characterised by raised blood glucose

1.pancreas does not produce any or sufficient insulin

2.insulin resistance

–Four commonest types of diabetes are:

1.type 1 diabetes

2.type 2 diabetes (not NIDDM)

3.secondary diabetes

4.gestational diabetes

(NICE, 2016)

AETIOLOGY
 

–chronic, metabolic disease leads to extensive damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

–Increases risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke infections, blindness and amputations.

–Risk of type 2 diabetes is caused by genetic and metabolic factors

–excess weight gain, overweight & obesity and physical inactivity leading  to worldwide escalating rates of type 2 diabetes

–Smoking and alcohol abuse increases risk

–43% of all deaths due to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70

(WHO,2016)

Complications
 
Acute complications are a significant contributor to mortality, costs and poor quality of life. Abnormally high blood glucose can have a life-threatening impact if it triggers conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in types 1 and 2, and hyperosmolar coma in type 2. Abnormally low blood glucose can occur in all types of diabetes and may result in seizures or loss of consciousness. It may happen after skipping a meal or exercising more than usual, or if the dosage of anti-diabetic medication is too high.
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